The encapsulation strategies are described, and the MOFs are categorised according to the type of biomolecule they are able to encapsulate. The majority of the HPMOFs in this review are of special interest not only because of their high porosity and fascinating structures, but also due to their capability to encapsulate and deliver drugs, proteins, enzymes, genes, or cells hence, they are excellent candidates in biomedical applications that involve drug delivery, enzyme immobilisation, gene targeting, etc. Attempts are made to categorise the most successful synthetic strategies however, these are often not independent from each other, and a combination of different parameters is required to be thoroughly considered for the synthesis of stable HPMOFs. Numerous synthetic approaches towards HPMOFs have been developed and discussed herein. Such compounds are suitable for the encapsulation of a variety of large guest molecules, ranging from organic dyes to drugs and proteins, and hence they can address major contemporary challenges in the environmental and biomedical field. The term “highly porous metal–organic frameworks” (HPMOFs) is used to denote MOFs with a surface area larger than 4000 m2 g−1. In this review, aspects of the synthesis, framework topologies, and biomedical applications of highly porous metal–organic frameworks are discussed.
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